Caracterización de la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad Victoria de Girón / Characterization of Research Activity by the Student Teachers at Facultad Victoria de Girón

Introducción: El Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes "Frank País" constituye una valiosa cantera de investigadores. Sin embargo, estas potencialidades no siempre generan tal resultado, lo cual torna necesario monitorizar sistemáticamente dicha actividad. Objetivo: Caracterizar la actividad investigativa de los alumnos ayudantes en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra probabilística estratificada de 131 sujetos. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo. Se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado de Pearson y el coeficiente V de Cramer. Resultados: Los estudiantes en el quinto año académico, de las 12 habilidades investigativas exploradas, en 8 alcanzaron las mayores cifras en cuanto a los que expresaron dominarlas. El área clínica fue la de principal interés investigativo (50,4 %); esta variable se asoció con el tipo de especialidad de la ayudantía (p < 0,001; V = 0,710). El 53,4 % de los educandos refirió estar vinculado a la investigación científica, lo cual presentó asociación estadística (p < 0,001; 0,6 ≤ V < 0,8) con las variables: antigüedad en el movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, autopercepción de su importancia en la formación profesional, la autoevaluación de la preparación en ella, incorporación a un proyecto de investigación, pertenencia al Grupo Científico Estudiantil e interés por practicarla en el posgrado. Pocos se encontraban vinculados a proyectos de investigación (n = 22), al Grupo Científico Estudiantil (n = 37) y a la publicación científica (n = 22). Conclusiones: En los alumnos ayudantes de esta facultad se observa una insuficiente actividad en investigación científica.

Introduction: "Frank País" Student Teachers Movement is a valuable pool of researchers. However, these potentialities do not always produce such outcomes; therefore, systematic monitoring of this activity is necessary. Objective: To characterize the research activity of student teachers at Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Victoria de Girón". Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a stratified probabilistic sample of 131 subjects. The statistical analysis was descriptive. Pearson's chi-squared test and Cramer's V coefficient were used. Results: Of the 12 explored research skills, fifth academic year students expressed that they mastered 8 of them, in which they reached the highest figures. The clinical area received the main interest in research (50.4 %); this variable was associated with the type of specialty of the student teachers (p<0.001; V=0.710). 53.4 % of the students reported that they were involved in scientific research, a condition statistically associated (p<0.001; 0.6≤V<0.8) with the variables service time in the student teachers movement, perception of its importance in self-professional training, self-assessment of training for it, recent involvement into a research project, membership in the students' scientific group, and interest in practicing the specialty during the postgraduate stage. Few of them were involved in research projects (n=22), the students' scientific group (n=37), or participated in scientific publication (n=22). Conclusions: Insufficient activity in scientific research is observed among the student teachers of this medical school.

"Evaluación de grado estudiantes de medicina del último año mediante simulación clínica multimodal: experiencia de una universidad peruana"

Introducción: La educación médica ha sido afectada por el aislamiento social por la pandemia, y la evaluación de competencias clínicas en estudiantes debe optar por opciones como la simulación clínica. Objetivo: describir la evaluación de examen de grado de internos de medicina humana con simulación clínica multimodal. Evaluación clínica: La actividad estructurada con multimodalidad desde la metodología y ubicación de los participantes cumplió el objetivo de evaluar y graduar internos. Se realizó a través de la presentación de casos-escenario de 2 de las especialidades grandes en el internado por alumno, realizadas en consultorio de simulación y sala de alta fidelidad ocupando pacientes simulados, simuladores de alta prestación, enfermera/o asistiendo, software de funciones vitales y técnico de simulación, todos ellos en presencial además del alumno, y los jurados en remoto que a través de la observación primero y luego la sustentación del alumno fueron capaces de evaluar el desempeño mediante rúbricas.

Introduction: Medical education has been affected by social isolation due to the pandemic, and the evaluation of clinical skills in students must opt ​​for options such as clinical simulation. Objective: to describe the evaluation of the degree exam for human medicine interns with multimodal clinical simulation. Clinical evaluation: The structured activity with multimodality from the methodology and location of the participants fulfilled the objective of evaluating and graduating interns. It was carried out through the presentation of case scenarios of two of the major specialties in the intern per student, carried out in a simulation office and a high-fidelity room occupying simulated patients, high-performance simulators, nurse/assistance, function software vital and technical simulation, all of them in person in addition to the student, and the juries remotely who, through observation first and then the support of the student, were able to evaluate performance through rubrics.

Matriz de competências para o ensino da homeopatia na graduação médica / Competency matrix for undergraduate medical education in homeopathy

Resumo: Introdução: Currículos médicos de graduação são extremamente carregados em seu conteúdo, tornando-se primordial a necessidade de otimizar competências essenciais. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do Curso de Graduação em Medicina preconizam uma valorização do tratamento do doente que possui muitas interfaces com a homeopatia. Apesar de ser uma especialidade médica no Brasil reconhecida desde 1980, a homeopatia ainda é pouco presente na graduação médica. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma matriz de competências essenciais composta de conhecimentos e habilidades desejáveis para o ensino da homeopatia na graduação médica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo realizado por meio da técnica Delphi normativa, em duas rodadas, com os docentes especialistas em homeopatia do país. Na primeira rodada, aplicou-se um questionário anônimo on-line para identificar as competências (conhecimentos e habilidades) necessárias em homeopatia para os discentes de graduação em Medicina. Após a análise de conteúdo, os temas foram agrupados nessas duas categorias que retornaram para apuração na segunda rodada, em que os especialistas assinalaram o grau de concordância (escala de Likert de quatro pontos: de não relevante a muito relevante). Para a definição de consenso, adotaram-se dois critérios: índice de De Loe e uma nota de relevância adotada pelos autores com vistas a discriminar mais os graus de consenso. Resultados: Dos 14 temas/subtemas relacionados como competências/conhecimentos, consideraram-se 11 como de alto consenso, dos quais cinco foram avaliados como primordiais, pois obtiveram nota de relevância acima de 9,0 (três relacionados ao grande tema clínica homeopática; um, à teoria e técnica homeopáticas; e outro, à pesquisa homeopática). Em relação às competências/habilidades, oito das 11 foram consideradas de alto consenso, e somente duas alcançaram nota acima de 9,0, ambas relacionadas à clínica homeopática. Conclusão: O ensino da homeopatia pode contribuir para a mudança paradigmática da medicina no sentido de valorizar o doente e promover a saúde, permitindo uma atuação médica mais humanizada e centrada no doente, o que justificaria a adoção de seu ensino, inclusive obrigatório, nas faculdades de Medicina. A elaboração de uma matriz de competências do que deve ser ensinado de homeopatia aos discentes da graduação médica vem ao encontro das DCN e instrumentaliza a reflexão na elaboração de uma futura ementa.

Abstract: Introduction: Undergraduate medical curricula are overloaded with content, making the need to optimize essential skills and knowledge paramount. The National Curricular Guidelines for the medical course (DCNs) put focus on patient treatment, which involves several interfaces with homeopathy. However, despite it being recognized as a medical specialty in Brazil since 1980, homeopathy is rarely present in undergraduate medical education. Objective: To develop a collection of essential skills and knowledge for teaching homeopathy as part of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Methods: Quanti-qualitative study performed using the standard Delphi technique in two rounds with specialized homeopathy teachers from Brazil. An anonymous online questionnaire was conducted to identify the learning competences needed in homeopathy for undergraduate medical students. Following content analysis, the themes and sub-themes were grouped into the two main categories of knowledge and skills, which were returned to the specialists who rated their importance for each item using the "Four-Point Likert Scale" from not at all important to very important. For the purpose of generating a general consensus, two criteria were adopted: the "De Loe index" and a importance score. Results: There was a high degree of consensus regarding eleven of the fourteen themes/sub-themes, five of which were considered essential, with an importance score above 9.0 (three related to the general theme, Homeopathic Clinic, one to Homeopathic Theory and Method and another to Homeopathic Research). There was also a high level of consensus regarding eight of the eleven skills, but only two gained a score of above 9.0, both related to Homeopathic Clinic. Conclusion: The teaching of Homeopathy can contribute to a paradigmatic change in medicine, particularly in the sense of prioritizing the patient and promoting health, as well as allowing for a more humanized and patient-centered medical engagement. These factors would justify the adoption of its teaching, so much so it could be made mandatory across all medical study. The establishment of a "competency matrix" for homeopathy study, which ought to be taught to students of the medical field, meets the DCNs and would be instrumental in future syllabuses.

Diseño curricular del Análisis de la Situación de la Salud para la carrera de medicina / Curricular design of the Analysis of Health Situation in medical studies

Introducción: Las reformas curriculares al Análisis de la Situación de Salud se orientan hacia la formación de un médico general con capacidades transformadoras para la intervención en la salud comunitaria. Objetivo: Identificar el tratamiento dado al contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en elementos curriculares seleccionados del plan de estudio C de medicina, perfeccionado en 2010. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica exploratoria al plan de estudio C de la carrera de medicina. Se aplicaron los métodos analítico-sintético e histórico-lógico y se hizo un análisis de contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud en 3 elementos curriculares: trascendencia en funciones profesionales y habilidades, tratamiento en estrategias curriculares y manifestación en la asignatura Salud Pública, con su representación en el plan de estudio. Resultados: En los 21 elementos analizados, de las cinco funciones profesionales, el Análisis de la Situación de Salud estuvo explícito en 5 e implícito en 12; en las 40 habilidades de aplicación, explícito en 3 e implícito en 18, y incluido en las 2 estrategias curriculares. En la asignatura Salud Pública ocupó el 25,62 por ciento del fondo de tiempo, y fue explícito en 3 de sus objetivos generales e implícito en los demás. En el currículo: la asignatura representó el 5,42 por ciento; y el contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud, el 1,39 por ciento. Conclusiones: Los elementos curriculares analizados revelaron la acertada reforma realizada al contenido del Análisis de la Situación de Salud cuando fue perfeccionado el plan de estudio C de la carrera de medicina(AU)

Introduction: The curricular reforms to the analysis of the health situation are oriented towards the formation of a general practitioner with transformative capacities for intervention in community health. Objective: To identify the management given to the content of the analysis of the health situation in selected curricular elements of the study plan C of medicine, perfected in 2010. Methods: An exploratory pedagogical investigation was carried out to study plan C of the medical studies. Analytical-synthetic and historical-logical methods were used and content analysis of the Health Situation Analysis was made in 3 curricular elements: transcendence in professional functions and skills, treatment in curricular strategies and meters in the Public Health subject, with its representation in the study plan. Results: In the twenty-one elements analyzed, out of the five professional functions, the Health Situation Analysis was explicit in 5 and implicit in 12. Concerning the forty application skills, it was explicit in 3 and implicit in 18, and it was included in the two curricular strategies. Regarding the Public Health subject, it employed 25.62 percent of the hours, and was explicit in 3 of its general objectives and implicit in the others. In the curriculum, the subject represented 5.42 percent; and the content of the Analysis of the Health Situation represented 1.39 percent. Conclusions: The curricular elements analyzed revealed the reform to the content of the Analysis of the Health Situation was successful in reference to study plan C of the medical studies(AU)

Manual para la elaboración del Certificado Médico de Defunción / Handbook for the elaboration of the Medical Certificate of Death

Se desarrolló un Manual para la elaboración del Certificado Médico de Defunción en la ciudad de Cárdenas. El producto consta de prólogo, índice, dos capítulos, autoevaluaciones y anexos. El universo estuvo constituido por 98 estudiantes de Medicina y se utilizó una muestra de 64 pertenecientes a la Filial de Ciencias Médicas Gabriela Arias que consintieron en participar en el estudio. Se aplicó una encuesta inicial sobre el tema la cual arrojó un 6,25 por ciento del total de estudiantes evaluados de regular y un 93,75 por ciento evaluados de mal. Se demostró, después de la aplicación del manual, una mejoría significativa del nivel de conocimientos al predominar estudiantes evaluados de bien representando el 85,94 por ciento del total. El 100 porciento de los encuestados poseen un alto nivel de satisfacción con el uso del producto.

It was developed a handbook for the elaboration of the Medical Certificate of Death in Cardenas. The product consists of a prologue, an index, two chapters, self-evaluations and annexes. The universe was formed by 978 Medicine students and it was used a sample of 64 students from the Branch of the Medical Sciences University Gabriela Arias, who gave their consent to taking part in the study. An initial inquiry on the topic was applied and it resulted in 6,25 per cent of the total of students evaluated of regular and 93,75 per cent of bad. After applying the handbook, it was showed a significant improvement of the knowledge level predominating students evaluated of good; they represented 85,94 per cent of the total. 100 per cent of the inquired showed a high level of satisfaction with the use of the product.

Una valoración integral del programa de la asignatura "Introducción a la medicina general integral" de la carrera de Medicina / A comprehensive assessment of the syllabus in the subject " Introduction to the Comprehensive Medicine". Medical Major

La disciplina integradora es aquella que tiene como objeto de estudio, el objeto de trabajo del egresado y el ejercicio de la profesión, para la carrera de medicina es la Medicina General Integral, y la primera asignatura impartida es la Introducción a la Medicina General Integral; constituyendo el primer vínculo del estudiante con su perfil de egresado. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar integralmente el Programa de esta asignatura (diseño en general y pertinencia). Se utilizaron técnicas de investigación cualitativa, y en su valoración, los componentes personales y no personales del proceso docente educativo. Concluyendo que este programa responde al perfil del egresado al incorporar conocimientos y habilidades sobre la medicina familiar (promoción de salud y prevención de enfermedades relacionados con el individuo, la familia, la comunidad y el ambiente). La asignatura resulta pertinente, ya que constituye la puerta de entrada a la disciplina rectora y al plan de estudios de la carrera y propicia la capacidad del estudiante para realizar procederes prácticos relacionados con la profesión, desarrollando una identificación del mismo con su escenario futuro de desempeño profesional. Se recomienda definir el problema y objeto de estudio de la asignatura. Respecto a los contenidos se debe explicitar el sistema de habilidades y elaborar el sistema de valores. En cuanto al método debe enfatizarse en la preparación del profesor (tutor del estudiante) para lograr su capacidad de desarrollar los métodos heurísticos que preveé la asignatura, la evaluación debe establecer la metodología para la elaboración del trabajo referativo final.

An integrated discipline is that one which objective of study is the future graduate and the exercise of profession. For the medical major Comprehensive Medicine is the main subject taught and it constitutes the first link of the student with the future job. The objective of this study is to assess the Syllabus of the subject ( general design and pertinence ). Methods of qualitative research were used and in its assessment personal and non-personal components on the educative-teaching process were taken into consideration. Concluding that this syllabus responds to graduate profile incorporating knowledge and skills about family medicine ( health promotion and disease prevention related to the individual, family , community and environment ). The subject is pertinent , it constitutes the introduction to the Main Subject , to the syllabus of the medical major which favors the capacity of the students to perform the practical procedures with regard to the profession and to develop an identification with the future professional setting. It is recommended to define the Problem and Object of the study. The contents must explain the system of skills and values. The method should emphasize the preparation of the professors ( tutors of the student) in order to achieve the ability to develop the heuristic methods the subject foresees, the evaluation establishes a methodology to create a final referential work.